Scientific positivism is the belief that all genuine knowledge is derived from logical and empirical evidence,what can be observed measured and verified. This worldview treats science as the most objective and superior way of understanding reality, often sidelining subjective, cultural, or spiritual ways of knowing.

In finance, "haircuts" typically refer to a reduction in the value of an asset when it is used as collateral for borrowing. When governments use haircuts, they adjust the terms of loans or debt securities, often as part of a financial restructuring or bailout, reducing the face value owed by creditors.

For the purpose of this debate, the "Die With Zero" philosophy refers to the idea that individuals should aim to use up all their wealth before they die as opposed to saving up wealth until past their death.

The Great Filter theory suggests that at some stage of development, there would be a highly insurmountable hurdle that prevents life from advancing. This theory prophesizes self-destruction, catastrophic events on the path of technological advancement

For the purpose of this debate Social Justice Coups occur when the military rises up in defense of the general population against its own civil authority usually after a long period of civilan discontent. Characteristics of such coups typically involves the creation of transitionary governments popular support of the military by the people and a lack of retributive violence against civilians. Since 2010 such coups have occurred in Mali Sudan Egypt and Zimbabwe

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds typically created from a country’s excess reserves—often from natural resource revenues or trade surpluses.

North Africa features semi-diversified economies with key sectors in oil and gas, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The region has relatively advanced infrastructure and higher human development indicators compared to much of Sub-Saharan Africa. Stronger central governments and long-standing state institutions enable more consistent public investment and development planning. North African countries maintain strategic economic ties with Europe and the Arab world, which significantly influence their trade, migration, and development agendas.